Arvind Panagariya Calls for Dedicated Privatisation Ministry to Boost Reforms

Former Niti Aayog Vice Chairman Arvind Panagariya has urged the Indian government to revive its disinvestment agenda, proposing the creation of a dedicated privatisation ministry. He argues that the sale of Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) and Public Sector Banks (PSBs) is vital for India's economic modernisation and the "India@2047" vision.

The Case for a Dedicated Privatisation Ministry

Panagariya, who currently serves as the Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission, believes that disinvestment must remain a central pillar of India's economic reforms. He suggests that an independent ministry would provide the necessary focus and speed to accelerate the privatisation process. According to Panagariya, this move should be pursued aggressively, regardless of geopolitical uncertainties or crises in West Asia, as the privatisation of PSUs and most public sector banks is integral to the country's long-term structural reforms.

FDI Resilience and the Private Equity Exit Cycle

Addressing concerns regarding capital outflows, Panagariya provided a positive outlook on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). He highlighted a consistent upward trajectory in gross FDI inflows, rising from $71.3 billion in FY24 to $80.6 billion in FY25, with projections reaching $94.5 billion in FY26.

He explained that recent outflows are largely a natural consequence of the thriving IPO market. A significant portion of India's FDI comes from private equity firms that exit their positions once companies go public. Furthermore, he noted that the rising trend of Indian companies investing overseas is a sign of corporate maturity. He also suggested that Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI) outflows, driven by overvalued equities, are likely to stabilise in FY27 following recent valuation corrections.

Rupee Depreciation and Export Competitiveness

On the macroeconomic front, Panagariya addressed the valuation of the Indian Rupee. He noted that the currency is no longer significantly overvalued following recent depreciation and suggested that the RBI should not resist the rupee crossing the Rs 100-per-dollar mark for an extended period.

He emphasized that an overvalued rupee can stifle merchandise exports, citing historical data where exports fell from $310 billion in 2011-12 to $260 billion in 2015-16 before recovering to $320 billion in 2019-20. Allowing for a more realistic currency valuation is seen as a way to bolster India's export competitiveness.

Stability in Food Inflation and Monsoon Outlook

Despite concerns regarding below-average monsoon forecasts, Panagariya remains optimistic about inflation. He pointed out that India’s dependence on rainfall has decreased due to better infrastructure. With water reservoirs in good condition, a robust buffer stock, and an increase in sown areas, he expressed confidence that there is no compelling reason for immediate concern regarding food security or inflation spikes.

Key Takeaways