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You click a link. A page loads in two seconds. A server in San Francisco talks to your phone in Delhi. Thousands of choices happen. Packets move through cables. Routers make choices. Servers respond fast.
A network is a group of computers. The Internet is a network of networks. Data moves through fiber cables, Wi-Fi, and satellites. Data turns into bits. These bits move at light speed.
Data breaks into packets. Packets are small chunks. Each packet has a label. The label shows the source and destination. Packets take different routes. They meet at your browser.
Protocols are rules.
- IP finds the address.
- TCP ensures packets arrive in order.
- UDP picks speed over reliability.
- HTTP exchanges web data.
- TLS encrypts your data.
Hardware makes this work:
- Routers connect networks.
- Switches connect devices.
- Servers store content.
The process follows these steps:
- DNS finds the IP address.
- Browser and server perform a handshake.
- They exchange encryption keys.
- Your browser asks for the page.
- The server sends packets.
- Your browser builds the page.
The Internet is a set of agreements. It works fast.
Source: https://dev.to/aritrachatterjee9957/what-really-happens-when-you-click-a-link-2lem