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Fast code is not enough for real traffic. Your API needs three things to stay stable at scale.
Rate Limiting Traffic spikes kill servers. Rate limiting protects your infrastructure.
- Use a Token Bucket for burst traffic.
- Use a Leaky Bucket for steady flow.
- Put this in your API Gateway to save resources.
- Send HTTP 429 when limits hit.
Versioning Changing an API risks breaking client apps.
- Use URI versioning like /v1 for simplicity.
- Version breaking changes only.
- Set clear dates to remove old versions.
- Treat this as a communication task.
Idempotency Networks fail. Clients retry. This causes double payments.
- Use an Idempotency Key from the client.
- Store the response in a fast cache like Redis.
- Return the stored result for the same key.
- This keeps your data clean.
The strategy:
- Use gateways for rate limiting and versioning.
- Build idempotency into your app logic.
Do not wait for a production crash. Build these in from the start.