为什么韩国在 AI 乐观情绪和应用方面领先全球

当西方世界大部分地区仍在应对 AI 焦虑和监管摩擦时,韩国已成为全球技术乐观主义的堡垒。在确保经济主权的国家使命驱动下,韩国正迅速将人工智能整合到从城市基础设施到课堂教育的方方面面。

全球情绪的鲜明对比

东西方在 AI 感知上的分歧正在扩大。根据 Pew Research Center 的数据,在受访的 25 个国家中,只有 16% 的韩国人表示对 AI 的担忧多于兴奋——这是所有受访国家中比例最低的。相比之下,50% 的美国人表示担忧多于兴奋。

这种乐观情绪并非仅仅停留在理论层面,而是具有深刻的实践意义。韩国人每天都在现实环境中对 AI 进行“街头测试”,利用 AI 驱动的网络漫画、虚拟 K-pop 偶像,甚至是人形僧侣。在江南等城市中心,政府甚至正在将公交站改造为能够提供多语言协助的交互式 AI 亭,标志着向 AI 集成生活方式的转变。

打造经济强国

韩国的热情是由一项国家战略精心构建的,该战略将 AI 视为“第四次工业革命”的主要引擎。这遵循了技术转型的历史模式:从 20 世纪 70 年代的钢铁和造船业,到 80 年代的半导体,90 年代的宽带,以及 2000 年代的智能手机。

如今,通过半导体巨头 Samsung 和 SK Hynix,该国的经济稳定与 AI 革命紧密相连。这些公司供应为驱动 Nvidia 硬件所需的关键高带宽内存 (HBM) 芯片。到 2026 年,两家公司的估值均超过了 1 万亿美元,推动 Kospi 指数创下历史新高。为了保持这一势头,李在明 (Lee Jae-myung) 总统启动了国家 AI 战略总统委员会,重点关注大规模算力采购以及“主权 AI”基础模型的开发,以确保国内的技术独立性。

创新优先于监管

South Korea’s legislative approach leans heavily toward acceleration. The 2024 AI Basic Act was designed to establish light-touch regulatory guardrails that promote development rather than stifle it. This pro-innovation stance is backed by public sentiment; the 2026 Stanford AI Index reveals that 70% of South Koreans believe advancing science and medicine through AI is a higher priority than protecting industries via regulation.

This strategy is yielding results. South Korea currently ranks third globally in the number of notable AI models, measured by state-of-the-art advancements and citation rates.

However, this rapid ascent is not without friction. The singular focus on economic growth has led to significant social and ethical blind spots. In 2025, the government faced backlash for deploying AI textbooks that contained factual inaccuracies and privacy risks without sufficient pilot testing.

Furthermore, the threat of labor displacement remains a potent concern. While 52% of the population sees potential productivity gains, 64% fear AI will displace human workers and exacerbate inequality. This tension was highlighted by the Hyundai Motor Group union, which has vehemently protested the deployment of Atlas humanoid robots in car factories, demanding strict labor-management agreements before further automation is permitted.

Key Takeaways