India Eyes Russian Siberian Deposit to Secure Critical Rare Earth Supplies

India is intensifying its strategic pursuit of critical mineral security by exploring rare earth samples from Russia’s massive Tomtor deposit in Siberia. This move marks a significant step in New Delhi's broader mission to diversify its supply chains and reduce heavy reliance on China.

Strategic Negotiations with Rosneft

State-owned miner IREL, operating under the Department of Atomic Energy, is currently in high-level discussions with the Russian oil major Rosneft. The talks, which are being routed through official government channels, focus on sourcing mineral samples from the Tomtor deposit located in Yakutia.

According to reports, the process will involve a preliminary stage where the samples are processed within Russia before being shipped to India. India’s primary objective is to conduct a detailed study of the mineral composition at Tomtor to determine the feasibility of a long-term partnership. Given the sensitive nature of these resources, the discussions remain strictly confidential.

The Importance of the Tomtor Deposit

The Tomtor deposit is recognized as one of the world’s largest undeveloped rare earth sites. Rare earth elements are indispensable in modern high-tech industries, serving as vital inputs for electric vehicle (EV) motors, advanced defence systems, and clean energy technologies.

While India possesses the world’s third-largest rare earth reserves—estimated at approximately 7.23 million metric tons—the nation currently lacks the large-scale refining capacity required for high-purity separation. Securing reliable external sources is essential to bridge this technological and industrial gap.

India’s Multi-Pronged Global Mineral Strategy

The pursuit of Russian minerals is just one piece of India's complex global mineral strategy. To build a self-reliant ecosystem, the Indian government has already approved a ₹73 billion ($770.77 million) programme aimed at boosting domestic rare earth magnet production. The target for large-scale domestic magnet production is set for 2029–30.

Beyond Russia, IREL is executing a diversified procurement strategy:

This multi-country approach highlights India's urgency to secure the raw materials necessary to fuel its green energy transition and domestic manufacturing ambitions.

Key Takeaways